Repositorio UNINCOL: Documentos donde el Tema es "Materias

Background Age-related structural changes in the human brain, including cortical atrophy, reductions in grey and white matter volumes, and the accumulation of small vessel–related lesions such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds, represent critical biological substrates underlying cognitive decline and dementia. Fish consumption has been associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced risk of dementia, but a comprehensive evaluation of its relation with brain structures is lacking. Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review current scientific literature providing evidence of relation between fish intake and brain structures in human studies. Methods Studies indexed in two major electronic databases have been screened based on a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Studies were eligible whether they assessed fish consumption in relation to brain structures in the adult populations. Results A total of 24 studies conducted predominantly on older adults met inclusion criteria. Most brain volume measures were obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. Higher fish consumption was associated with reduced severity of white matter hyperintensities (a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and white matter damage) and cerebral micro-bleed, preservation of certain brain areas volumes (i.e., hippocampus, temporal lobe and periventricle white matter) and cortical thickness of specific areas (i.e., precuneus, parietal, and cingulate grey matter), among others, compared to lower intake. Some analyses found no association and isolated findings suggested possible adverse associations that were not consistently replicated. Studies reporting null findings may underline the possible relevance of the overall diet (i.e., adherence to the Mediterranean diet). Conclusions Inclusion of fish in a healthy and balanced diet is associated with better white matter grades on MRI and slower progression of white matter hyperintensities and reduction of vascular-related lesions of the aging brain, suggesting a potential role in preventing neurocognitive deterioration. Heterogeneity across studies underscores the need for additional studies.

Fish consumption and brain structure: a comprehensive systematic review of observational studies.

Background/Objectives: The diet quality of younger individuals is decreasing globally, with alarming trends also in the Mediterranean region. The aim of this study was to assess diet quality and adequacy in relation to country-specific dietary recommendations for children and adolescents living in the Mediterranean area. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 2011 parents of the target population participating in the DELICIOUS EU-PRIMA project. Dietary data and cross-references with food-based recommendations and the application of the youth healthy eating index (YHEI) was assessed through 24 h recalls and food frequency questionnaires. Results: Adherence to recommendations on plant-based foods was low (less than ∼20%), including fruit and vegetables adequacy in all countries, legume adequacy in all countries except for Italy, and cereal adequacy in all countries except for Portugal. For animal products and dietary fats, the adequacy in relation to the national food-based dietary recommendations was slightly better (∼40% on average) in most countries, although the Eastern countries reported worse rates. Higher scores on the YHEI predicted adequacy in relation to vegetables (except Egypt), fruit (except Lebanon), cereals (except Spain), and legumes (except Spain) in most countries. Younger children (p < 0.005) reporting having 8–10 h adequate sleep duration (p < 0.001), <2 h/day screen time (p < 0.001), and a medium/high physical activity level (p < 0.001) displayed a better diet quality. Moreover, older respondents (p < 0.001) with a medium/high educational level (p = 0.001) and living with a partner (p = 0.003) reported that their children had a better diet quality. Conclusions: Plant-based food groups, including fruit, vegetables, legumes, and even (whole-grain) cereals are underrepresented in the diets of Mediterranean children and adolescents. Moreover, the adequate consumption of other important dietary components, such as milk and dairy products, is rather disregarded, leading to substantially suboptimal diets and poor adequacy in relation to dietary guidelines.

Youth Healthy Eating Index (YHEI) and Diet Adequacy in Relation to Country-Specific National Dietary Recommendations in Children and Adolescents in Five Mediterranean Countries from the DELICIOUS Project.

Mango is one of the most beloved fruits and plays an indispensable role in the agricultural economies of many tropical countries like Pakistan, India, and other Southeast Asian countries. Similar to other fruits, mango cultivation is also threatened by various diseases, including Anthracnose and Red Rust. Although farmers try to mitigate such situations on time, early and accurate detection of mango diseases remains challenging due to multiple factors, such as limited understanding of disease diversity, similarity in symptoms, and frequent misclassification. To avoid such instances, this study proposes a multimodal deep learning framework that leverages both leaf and fruit images to improve classification performance and generalization. Individual CNN-based pre-trained models, including ResNet-50, MobileNetV2, EfficientNet-B0, and ConvNeXt, were trained separately on curated datasets of mango leaf and fruit diseases. A novel Modality Attention Fusion (MAF) mechanism was introduced to dynamically weight and combine predictions from both modalities based on their discriminative strength, as some diseases are more prominent on leaves than on fruits, and vice versa. To address overfitting and improve generalization, a class-aware augmentation pipeline was integrated, which performs augmentation according to the specific characteristics of each class. The proposed attention-based fusion strategy significantly outperformed individual models and static fusion approaches, achieving a test accuracy of 99.08%, an F1 score of 99.03%, and a perfect ROC-AUC of 99.96% using EfficientNet-B0 as the base. To evaluate the model’s real-world applicability, an interactive web application was developed using the Django framework and evaluated through out-of-distribution (OOD) testing on diverse mango samples collected from public sources. These findings underline the importance of combining visual cues from multiple organs of plants and adapting model attention to contextual features for real-world agricultural diagnostics.

Dual-modality fusion for mango disease classification using dynamic attention based ensemble of leaf & fruit images.

Novel Transfer Learning Approach for Detecting Infected and Healthy Maize Crop Using Leaf Images.

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ACCESO

IDIOMA

Documentos donde el Tema es "Materias > Alimentación"

A

Betalains: The main bioactive compounds of Opuntia spp and their possible health benefits in the Mediterranean diet.

Prickly pear fruits from "Opuntia ficus-indica" varieties as a source of potential bioactive compounds in the Mediterranean diet.

C

Can alpha‐linolenic acid be a modulator of “cytokine storm,” oxidative stress and immune response in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection?

Can the phenolic compounds of Manuka honey chemosensitize colon cancer stem cells? A deep insight into the effect on chemoresistance and self-renewal.

Human‐based new approach methodologies to accelerate advances in nutrition research.

D

Environmental burden of fish in healthy and sustainable diets.

G

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive status in older Italian adults.

Anthocyanins: what do we know until now?

Chronotype and Cancer: Emerging Relation Between Chrononutrition and Oncology from Human Studies.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with cognitive status in elderly patients.

Fish consumption and brain structure: a comprehensive systematic review of observational studies.

Youth Healthy Eating Index (YHEI) and Diet Adequacy in Relation to Country-Specific National Dietary Recommendations in Children and Adolescents in Five Mediterranean Countries from the DELICIOUS Project.

M

Dual-modality fusion for mango disease classification using dynamic attention based ensemble of leaf & fruit images.

T

Novel Transfer Learning Approach for Detecting Infected and Healthy Maize Crop Using Leaf Images.

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